higher insurance cover for vehicle owners -

Insurance Regulatory Development Authority (IRDA) has vide its circular dated 20th September, 2018 mandated the general insurance companies carrying on motor insurance business to provide compulsory personal accident cover for owner driver of minimum Rs.15 lakhs. The previous limit was Rs.1.00 lakh and Rs.2.00 lakhs respectively for two wheelers and four wheelers. This is pursuant to a Madras H.C. judgment in this regard to provide higher cover. The insurance premium for this enhanced cover is set at Rs.750/- per annum. People can however, take higher limit also if they want. Such higher limit policies may be in multiples of Rs.1.00 lakh or Rs.5.00 lakhs. The gist of the IRDAI circular follows here.

General Regulation (`GR`)-36 of India Motor Tariff(`IMT`), 2002 mandates General Insurance Companies carrying on motor insurance business to provide Compulsory Personal Accident (CPA) Cover for Owner-Driver under both Liability Only and Package policies. The owner of Insured vehicle holding an `effective` driving license is termed as Owner-Driver for the purposes of this section. The Cover is provided to the Owner-Driver whilst driving the vehicle including mounting into/ dismounting from or traveling in the insured vehicle as a co-driver.

2. Currently, the Capital Sum Insured (CSI) under this section for Motorised Two Wheelers and Private Cars/Commercial vehicles is Rs. 1,00,000/- and Rs. 2,00,000/- respectively. However, a few General Insurers have been offering Add on covers under Package policies with higher CSI over and above the stipulated CSI, on payment of additional premium at the option of the Insured. The General Insurance Industry, through its Council, had also taken up the increase for higher CSI under CPA Cover for Owner-Driver in July, 2017 for consideration of IRDAI.

3. In the meantime, the Hon’ble High Court of Judicature at Madras has, vide its judgement dated 26^th October, 2017 in the matter of Civil Miscellaneous Appeal No. 1428 of 2017 (United India Insurance Co Ltd Vs R. Rekha & Ors), issued directions to IRDAI which reads as under.

``Enhance the Compulsory Personal Accident Cover from the existing Rs.1,00,000/- to at least not less than Rs.15,00,000/- so that the amount of Rs.15,00,000/- will add to some succor or solace to the victims of road accidents, who are the owner of the vehicle, who may incidentally sustain bodily injury or death. Further, an option can be given to the insured/owner of the vehicle to pay higher premium amount to get enhanced compensation over and above Rs.15,00,000/- in case the owner of vehicle so desires to such enhanced compensation in the event of any untoward motor accident which may result in bodily injury or death. ``

4. In accordance with the above directions of the Hon’ble High Court of Judicature at Madras, the Authority, in exercise of the powers conferred by Section 14 (2) (i) of the IRDA Act 1999 and in consultation with the stakeholders, hereby issues the following modifications to General Regulation (GR) -36 of India Motor Tariff,2002 on Compulsory Personal Accident Cover for Owner-Driver.

(i) All General Insurers carrying on motor insurance business shall provide CPA Cover for Owner-Driver under Liability Only, under Section III of Package Policies to all classes of vehicles and Bundled Covers wherever applicable.

(ii) A minimum Capital Sum Insured (CSI) of Rs.15,00,000/-shall be provided under CPA Cover for Owner-Driver under Liability Only, under Section III of Package Policies to all classes of vehicles and Bundled Covers wherever applicable at the premium rate of Rs. 750/- per annum for annual policy. This rate will be valid until further notice.

(iii) A higher CSI may be provided over and above Rs.15,00,000/-through Optional Covers under Liability Only and under Section III of Package Policies/ Bundled Covers on payment of additional premium at the option of the Insured.

(iv) In view of the above changes, the current Add on covers offering enhanced CPA Cover for Owner-Driver under Section III of Package Policies and Bundled Covers up to CSI of Rs.15,00,000/-shall stand withdrawn. However, Insurers willing to offer CSI over and above Rs.15,00,000/- may revise/file Add on cover under Liability only, Package Policies and Bundled Covers. It is suggested the higher CSI in such Add on cover may be in multiples of Rs.1,00,000/-. or Rs.5,00,000/-.

(v). As regards premium payable for CPA cover under long term motor policies, insurers may price them in line with their current approach for pricing. Should the Authority find the pricing approach in variance from their general pricing philosophy/approach and not in line with actuarial principles, suitable direction may be issued by the Authority. Insurers may start issuing such covers effective from the date of receipt of this circular even while ensuring that the filing for these is done under File and Use Guidelines on or before 25^th October, 2018.

(vii). All other extant provisions applicable for Motor Third Party Insurance shall continue to apply.

This Circular shall come into effect immediately. Please acknowledge this circular and confirm having noted its contents.

This is issued with the approval of the competent authority.

ECBs - liberalisation

RBI has vide its notification dated 19th September, 2018 liberalised the External Commercial Borrowing policy to the following extent:

(i) ECBs by companies in manufacturing sector: As per the extant norms, ECB up to USD 50 million or its equivalent can be raised by eligible borrowers with minimum average maturity period of 3 years. It has been decided to allow eligible ECB borrowers who are into manufacturing sector to raise ECB up to USD 50 million or its equivalent with minimum average maturity period of 1 year.

(ii) Underwriting and market making by Indian banks for Rupee denominated bonds (RDB) issued overseas: Presently, Indian banks, subject to applicable prudential norms, can act as arranger and underwriter for RDBs issued overseas and in case of underwriting an issue, their holding cannot be more than 5 per cent of the issue size after 6 months of issue. It has now been decided to permit Indian banks to participate as arrangers/underwriters/market makers/traders in RDBs issued overseas subject to applicable prudential norms.

So this is a boost for manufacturing sector in line with the Make in India policy of the government. 

RBI notification can be found at https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=11375&Mode=0

strike off companies

Presently when any company has been struck off by the MCA for any reasons, the only option available is to file a petition with the NCLT to revive the company. This is a time consuming process as well as effort involved. Many such companies have been rendered as "strike off" stage due to various reasons beyond the control of the existing Directors. 

Now since July 2018 the additional filing fees for annual forms is on the basis of Rs.100 per day calculation and it is going to hurt companies to remain as non compliant. Filing of petition with NCLT involves time and cost and also clogging of the judicial system with routine applications. NCLT is already over burdened due to the number of cases filed under the Insolvency & Bankruptcy Code, 2016 and other petitions like mergers, amalgamations, oppression cases. In such scenario what is the justification for routine applications involving revival of strike off companies to be filed with NCLT it is not clear and not justified also. 

Many companies have various reasons and these are legacy reasons which are genuine in nature due to which they failed in filing the annual documents. Admitted that they are non compliant and have suffered much due to the Director's DIN becoming de-activated. MCA should now look at an easy process for revival of strike off companies at the ROC/ RD level without involving the judicial bodies in this regard. They can levy a fine or penalty similar to the compounding fines and close the matter. Anyways MCA is gaining due to higher fees from the per day fee structure so the companies are already being penalised in this regard. They should not be further penalised by forcing them to seek redressal from the judicial courts of the country. 

DIR-3-KYC extension

MCA has vide its notification dated 20th September, 2018 given a limited time exemption to file form DIR-3-KYC for all DIN holders albeit with a reduced fee of Rs.500/-. This window is open from 21st October, 2018 to 5th October, 2018 after which the filing fees of Rs.5000/- will become applicable.

I think they should have continued with the fees of Rs.500/- only throughout instead of hiking it to Rs.5000/- from 6th October, 2018 onwards. 

Personal Injuries

Personal Injuries is a legal thriller by Scott Turow that aspires to operate not merely as a procedural narrative but as a study in moral erosion and emotional attrition. Its protagonist, Robbie Feaver, is a middling personal injury lawyer in Kindle County who finds himself unwillingly conscripted by the FBI into an undercover operation aimed at exposing judicial corruption—specifically, a cosy nexus of judges accustomed to the lubricating influence of regular payoffs in exchange for favourable orders.

Around this ostensibly sturdy premise, Turow constructs an elaborate architecture of personal anguish and ethical complication. Feaver’s domestic life is marked by quiet devastation: his wife is dying of ALS, a lingering tragedy that drains his emotional reserves even as it sharpens his sense of vulnerability. At the professional level, he is bound by fierce loyalty to his closest friend and partner in the firm, a man he is determined to shield at any cost from the widening investigative net. Adding further emotional dissonance is his fraught association with the female FBI agent assigned to manage him—a relationship poised uncomfortably between professional necessity and muted personal entanglement.

Yet for all its ambition, the novel often appears to proceed on uncertain footing. What begins with considerable narrative assurance gradually reveals structural fragilities. Several turns in the plot feel contrived, their plausibility strained; motivations are occasionally asserted rather than earned. The emotional subplots, though earnest and thematically relevant, do not always cohere seamlessly with the central investigative thrust, resulting in a narrative that wavers between psychological introspection and procedural momentum without fully reconciling the two.

What ultimately redeems Personal Injuries is Turow’s formidable narrative voice. His prose remains controlled, incisive, and psychologically perceptive, imbuing even the novel’s weaker stretches with a sense of gravitas. Turow understands the slow corrosion of conscience, the incremental nature of compromise, and the seductive rationalisations that accompany ethical surrender. Even when the story falters, the writing does not.

The novel may not stand among Turow’s most structurally accomplished works, but it remains a compelling illustration of his enduring strengths: a novelist deeply attuned to the moral ambiguities of the law, and acutely aware that the most damaging injuries inflicted by power are seldom visible, and never easily repaired. Goodreads 3/5 

strike off companies - no business

MCA has been striking off companies for not filing its annual returns and annual financial statements for a period of 3 years consecutively. Also lately it has been issuing show cause notices to companies who have not done any business for the last two years, to strike their names off from the register of companies. While there is a provision in the companies act, 2013 in section 248 for issuing of such show cause notices, the moot question to ask is whether it is just to send show cause notices to companies just because they have no business income for the last 2 years. According to me it is grossly unfair because businesses have upturns and downturns and when there is downturn, it could last lot more years, sometimes half a decade also. When there is general recession, then businesses fail, like in the real estate industry there is a recession for so many years. Shipping industry has its worst over woes for nearly a decade or so. Businesses suffered huge setback due to the ill advised demonetisation and there was disruption in the business due to the GST rollout. Plus industry itself goes through one crises after another, there could be technological changes taking place rapidly, disruption etc. which could all affect the business in one way or another. Industries are starved of bank funds due to which they are unable to do capex or even meet working capital requirements. Therefore in light of the above, what is the justification for issuing strike off show cause notices to companies just because they have no business income for two consecutive years. Especially when the companies have been doing the compliance all properly all along - appointing auditors, filing the statutory annual forms and event based forms etc. 

LLP registration

MCA has vide its notification dated 18th September, 2018 streamlined the process of incorporation of Limited Liability Partnerships (LLP) in India. Hitherto, for more than 10 months, the LLP incorporation had come to a standstill as MCA had stopped issuing stand-alone Director Identification Number (DIN) to individuals.

1) Now name reservation for a LLP can be done by a web service called LLP-RUN. Unfortunate part is that this RUN will be governed by their Central Reservation Centre (CRC) which is a retrograde step, in my view. That section is manned by totally incompetent people who have no idea at all about business incorporation.

2) Form 2 for incorporation of LLP will be replaced by FiLLiP which will carry the DIN allotment process also. So this is good move.

3) Similarly minor amendments have been made to Addendum to Form 2 (which will be known as Addendum to Form FiLLiP, form 5 (notice for change of name), form 17 (conversion of general partnership firm into LLP) and form 18 (conversion of a private company/ unlisted public company into LLP) consequent to the above amendments. It would be interesting to note form 18 amendments as with the proposed mandatory demat of securities of unlisted public limited companies from 2nd October onwards, many unlisted public companies will seek to convert themselves into LLPs / private companies to avoid that compliance. They might seek to convert themselves into private companies but there is always a lurking fear the mandatory demat of securities could be extended to private companies as well, in the future.

All these changes will take effect from 2nd October, 2018.